Design of Energy-Aware Networking and Cooperation Mechanisms

This deliverable brings forward how cooperation between network nodes and elements can be used for energy-aware cooperative decision and control. It builds on the cooperation enablers which were studied in D3.1 and presents system models which will be used in future research. Along with these models, mechanisms for energy-efficient cooperative designs are presented. COoperative aNd Self growing Energy awaRe Networks – CONSERN 28/02/11 CONSERN Deliverable D3.2 2/80 Executive Summary Low energy communication between one or multiple networked devices is envisioned to be fundamental in future systems. One of the aims of the CONSERN project [1] is to develop solutions for such systems through autonomic and cooperative approaches. Through use cases developed in D1.1 [2] of the project, Work Package 3 (WP3) aims at developing techniques and mechanisms which are tailored to suit these use cases. In the CONSERN framework, WP3 focuses on: Cooperation and collaboration enablers, introducing techniques for wireless communication between heterogeneous network objects and between network elements and mobile terminals, Design and develop self-learning methods, including methods for information representation and information fusion, Introduction of algorithms for cooperation between network elements, Study the relation/balance between autonomic capabilities and cooperative optimization in order to maximize the energy gains, Optimisation of fault detection and error correction algorithms in cooperative environments under energy constraints. In D3.1 [3], a set of enablers for energy-aware cooperation and decision control were identified. The current deliverable extends the ideas and puts these enablers into a context of models for a certain subset of the use cases in [2]. In the deliverable the following use cases are studied and some ideas for their solutions are given: In an indoor environment relays can be used to mitigate interference between co-located femto base stations using the same frequency band. Cooperative relay communication and network coding is proposed to be used, based on the information fusion mechanisms, to increase the network performance and reliability. A Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) is a network consisting of a mix of network nodes of various types. In such a network environment, relays can be used to save energy by cooperating and thus lower the total number of needed transmissions. Similar results can be obtained by using distributed antenna systems. OPEX is a big cost for network operators and by switching of network nodes at times with low traffic demands energy can be saved. All these HetNet use cases build on the idea to save energy by directing the transmitted energy and utilising nodes that are close to the user. In Cognitive Radio using licensed bands, it’s of utmost importance that secondary users do not interfere with primary users. Cognitive Radio power control is thus seen as important and will be studied. Today, there exist many devices which make use of unlicensed bands for their communication, e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and DECT. It is anticipated that as the number of devices grow the interference between them will increase. To this end, CONSERN will focus on detection of and cooperation between various co-located network devices. Wireless sensor networks can be used to collect environment information and help other networks in their cooperation. However, sensor raw data is often unreliable so ideas information fusion will be used to improve the quality. COoperative aNd Self growing Energy awaRe Networks – CONSERN 28/02/11 CONSERN Deliverable D3.2 3/80 Contributors First Name Last Name Company Email George Koudouridis HWSE [email protected] Gunnar Hedby HWSE [email protected] George Katsikas NKUA [email protected] Panagiotis Spapis NKUA [email protected] Makis Stamatelatos NKUA [email protected] Andreas Merentitis NKUA [email protected] Evangelos Rekkas NKUA [email protected] Filippo Tosato TREL [email protected] Woon Hau Chin TREL [email protected] Eli De Poorter IBBT [email protected] Opher Yaron IBBT [email protected] COoperative aNd Self growing Energy awaRe Networks – CONSERN 28/02/11 CONSERN Deliverable D3.2 4/80 Acronyms Acronym Meaning AI Artificial Intelligence BS Base Station CDF Cumulative Distribution Function COG Center of Gravity CSG Closed Subscriber Group CSI Channel State Information CR Cognitive Radio DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications DeNB Donor eNB eNB E-UTRAN Node B E-UTRA Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access GDAS Generalised Distributed Antenna System IoT Interference over Thermal ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical (Radio Bands) KPI Key Performance Indicator LLR Log Likehood Ratio LTE Long Term Evolution LTE-A LTE-Advanced MDP Markov Decision Process MIMO Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output MT Mobile Terminal PA Power Amplifier PCA Principal Component Analysis PRB Physical Resource Block QoS Quality of Service RB Radio Block RL Reinforcement Learning RN Relay Node RU Resource Utilisation SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio SIR Signal to Interference Ratio SISO Single Input Single Output (cf. MISO, Multiple Input Single Output or MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output) SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SVM Support Vector Machine TD Temporal Difference TVWS TV White Space UE User Equipment COoperative aNd Self growing Energy awaRe Networks – CONSERN 28/02/11 CONSERN Deliverable D3.2 5/80 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System WiFi Wireless Fidelity WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WSN Wireless Sensor Network COoperative aNd Self growing Energy awaRe Networks – CONSERN 28/02/11 CONSERN Deliverable D3.2 6/80 Table of